Nguyen Pearson
12/11/2023 · Elementary School

b) One wall of a house consists of plywood backed by insulation. The thickness of plywood is \( (0.019 \mathrm{~m}) \) and that of insulation is \( (0.076 \mathrm{~m}) \). The inside temperature is \( 25^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \) and outside is \( 4^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \). The thermal conductivities of the insulation and plywood are, respectively, 0.030 and \( 0.080 \mathrm{~J} /\left(\mathrm{s} \cdot \mathrm{m} \cdot{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right) \), and the area of the wall is \( 35 \mathrm{~m}^{2} \). Calculate the amount of heat conducted through the wall in 1 hour.

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要计算通过墙壁的热量,我们可以使用傅里叶定律。傅里叶定律表明,通过一个物体的热量与物体的热导率、温差、面积和厚度成正比。公式如下: \[ Q = \frac{k \cdot A \cdot \Delta T}{d} \] 其中: - \( Q \) 是通过的热量(焦耳,J) - \( k \) 是材料的热导率(J/(s·m·°C)) - \( A \) 是面积(平方米,m²) - \( \Delta T \) 是温差(°C) - \( d \) 是材料的厚度(米,m) 在这个问题中,墙壁由两层材料组成:绝缘材料和胶合板。我们需要分别计算通过这两层材料的热量,然后将它们相加。 ### 步骤 1:计算通过绝缘材料的热量 - 热导率 \( k_{\text{insulation}} = 0.030 \, \text{J/(s·m·°C)} \) - 厚度 \( d_{\text{insulation}} = 0.076 \, \text{m} \) - 温差 \( \Delta T_{\text{insulation}} = 25^{\circ}\text{C} - 4^{\circ}\text{C} = 21^{\circ}\text{C} \) - 面积 \( A = 35 \, \text{m}^2 \) 将这些值代入公式: \[ Q_{\text{insulation}} = \frac{0.030 \cdot 35 \cdot 21}{0.076} \] 计算: \[ Q_{\text{insulation}} = \frac{0.030 \cdot 35 \cdot 21}{0.076} = \frac{21.15}{0.076} = 276.04 \, \text{J/s} \] ### 步骤 2:计算通过胶合板的热量 - 热导率 \( k_{\text{plywood}} = 0.080 \, \text{J/(s·m·°C)} \) - 厚度 \( d_{\text{plywood}} = 0.019 \, \text{m} \) - 温差 \( \Delta T_{\text{plywood}} = 25^{\circ}\text{C} - 4^{\circ}\text{C} = 21^{\circ}\text{C} \) - 面积 \( A = 35 \, \text{m}^2 \) 将这些值代入公式: \[ Q_{\text{plywood}} = \frac{0.080 \cdot 35 \cdot 21}{0.019} \] 计算: \[ Q_{\text{plywood}} = \frac{0.080 \cdot 35 \cdot 21}{0.019} = \frac{588}{0.019} = 31263.16 \, \text{J/s} \] ### 步骤 3:计算总热量 将两部分的热量相加: \[ Q_{\text{total}} = Q_{\text{insulation}} + Q_{\text{plywood}} \] \[ Q_{\text{total}} = 276.04 + 31263.16 = 31539.2 \, \text{J/s} \] ### 步骤 4:计算1小时内的总热量 1小时等于3600秒: \[ Q_{\text{1 hour}} = 31539.2 \, \text{J/s} \times 3600 \, \text{s} \] 计算: \[ Q_{\text{1 hour}} = 31539.2 \times 3600 = 113534720 \, \text{J} \] 所以,通过墙壁的热量是 \( 1.135 \times 10^8 \, \text{J} \)。

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The amount of heat conducted through the wall in 1 hour is \( 1.135 \times 10^8 \, \text{J} \).
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