Aside from the English, who built faster ships to counter Spanish and Portuguese power, who else pioneered new ship designs? The Dutch The Ottomans Turks France

Aside from the English, the **Dutch** were particularly notable for pioneering new ship designs in response to Spanish and Portuguese maritime power. During the 17th century, the Dutch developed advanced shipbuilding techniques and designs, such as the fluyt, which was a highly efficient cargo ship that allowed for greater trade and naval power. The **Ottoman Turks** also made significant contributions to ship design, particularly in the Mediterranean, where they built large galleys and other vessels to enhance their naval capabilities. **France** also engaged in shipbuilding innovations, especially during the reign of Louis XIV, but the Dutch were more prominent in the context of countering Spanish and Portuguese dominance during the early modern period. In summary, while the Dutch were the most notable in this context, the Ottomans and the French also made important contributions to ship design.