Grant Donnelly
03/22/2024 · Elementary School

\( \int \frac { 1 } { x ^ { 2 } + 3 } d x - \int \frac { 3 } { ( x ^ { 2 } + 3 ) ^ { 2 } } d x \)

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Para resolver la expresión \( \int \frac { 1 } { x ^ { 2 } + 3 } d x - \int \frac { 3 } { ( x ^ { 2 } + 3 ) ^ { 2 } } d x \), vamos a calcular cada integral por separado. 1. **Primera integral:** \[ \int \frac{1}{x^2 + 3} \, dx \] Podemos hacer un cambio de variable para simplificar la integral. Notamos que \( x^2 + 3 = 3\left(\frac{x^2}{3} + 1\right) \). Entonces, podemos usar la fórmula de la integral de la función arcotangente: \[ \int \frac{1}{a^2 + x^2} \, dx = \frac{1}{a} \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{x}{a}\right) + C \] En este caso, \( a = \sqrt{3} \): \[ \int \frac{1}{x^2 + 3} \, dx = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{3}}\right) + C_1 \] 2. **Segunda integral:** \[ \int \frac{3}{(x^2 + 3)^2} \, dx \] Para esta integral, podemos usar la técnica de integración por partes o una sustitución. Usaremos la sustitución \( u = x^2 + 3 \), lo que implica que \( du = 2x \, dx \) o \( dx = \frac{du}{2\sqrt{u - 3}} \). Sin embargo, es más sencillo usar la fórmula de la integral de la función racional: \[ \int \frac{1}{u^2} \, du = -\frac{1}{u} + C \] Entonces, tenemos: \[ \int \frac{3}{(x^2 + 3)^2} \, dx = 3 \int \frac{1}{(x^2 + 3)^2} \, dx \] Usando la fórmula de la integral de la función racional, obtenemos: \[ = -\frac{3}{x^2 + 3} + C_2 \] 3. **Combinando los resultados:** Ahora, combinamos ambas integrales: \[ \int \frac{1}{x^2 + 3} \, dx - \int \frac{3}{(x^2 + 3)^2} \, dx = \left( \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{3}}\right) + C_1 \right) - \left( -\frac{3}{x^2 + 3} + C_2 \right) \] Simplificando, obtenemos: \[ = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{3}}\right) + \frac{3}{x^2 + 3} + C \] Donde \( C = C_1 - C_2 \) es una constante de integración. Por lo tanto, la solución final es: \[ \int \frac { 1 } { x ^ { 2 } + 3 } d x - \int \frac { 3 } { ( x ^ { 2 } + 3 ) ^ { 2 } } d x = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{3}}\right) + \frac{3}{x^2 + 3} + C \]

Quick Answer

La solución es \( \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{3}}\right) + \frac{3}{x^2 + 3} + C \).
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