Wilson Johnston
02/06/2024 · Elementary School
In the diagram above, \( A B C D \) is a parallelogram. The diagonals \( A C \) and \( B D \) intersect at \( E \) and the point \( F \) is the midpoint of \( A E . G \) is a point on \( A B \) such that \( 2 A G=G B . \overrightarrow{A G}=\boldsymbol{a} \) and \( \overrightarrow{A F}=\boldsymbol{b} \). (i) Express \( \overrightarrow{D F} \) in terms of \( \boldsymbol{a} \) and/or \( \boldsymbol{b} \).
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Step-by-step Solution
To express \(\overrightarrow{D F}\) in terms of \(\boldsymbol{a}\) and \(\boldsymbol{b}\), we start by analyzing the given information about the parallelogram \(ABCD\) and the points \(E\), \(F\), and \(G\).
1. **Understanding the Points**:
- Since \(ABCD\) is a parallelogram, we have:
\[
\overrightarrow{C} = \overrightarrow{A} + \overrightarrow{B} - \overrightarrow{D}
\]
- The diagonals \(AC\) and \(BD\) intersect at point \(E\), which is the midpoint of both diagonals. Therefore:
\[
\overrightarrow{E} = \frac{\overrightarrow{A} + \overrightarrow{C}}{2} = \frac{\overrightarrow{B} + \overrightarrow{D}}{2}
\]
2. **Finding \(\overrightarrow{F}\)**:
- Point \(F\) is the midpoint of segment \(AE\). Thus, we can express \(\overrightarrow{F}\) as:
\[
\overrightarrow{F} = \frac{\overrightarrow{A} + \overrightarrow{E}}{2}
\]
- Substituting \(\overrightarrow{E}\):
\[
\overrightarrow{F} = \frac{\overrightarrow{A} + \frac{\overrightarrow{A} + \overrightarrow{C}}{2}}{2} = \frac{2\overrightarrow{A} + \overrightarrow{A} + \overrightarrow{C}}{4} = \frac{3\overrightarrow{A} + \overrightarrow{C}}{4}
\]
3. **Expressing \(\overrightarrow{G}\)**:
- Given that \(2AG = GB\), we can express \(G\) as:
\[
\overrightarrow{G} = \frac{2\overrightarrow{B} + \overrightarrow{A}}{3}
\]
- Since \(\overrightarrow{A G} = \boldsymbol{a}\), we have:
\[
\overrightarrow{G} - \overrightarrow{A} = \boldsymbol{a} \implies \overrightarrow{G} = \overrightarrow{A} + \boldsymbol{a}
\]
4. **Finding \(\overrightarrow{D}\)**:
- From the properties of the parallelogram, we know:
\[
\overrightarrow{D} = \overrightarrow{A} + \overrightarrow{B} - \overrightarrow{C}
\]
5. **Finding \(\overrightarrow{D F}\)**:
- Now, we can express \(\overrightarrow{D F}\) as:
\[
\overrightarrow{D F} = \overrightarrow{F} - \overrightarrow{D}
\]
- Substituting the expressions for \(\overrightarrow{F}\) and \(\overrightarrow{D}\):
\[
\overrightarrow{D F} = \left(\frac{3\overrightarrow{A} + \overrightarrow{C}}{4}\right) - \left(\overrightarrow{A} + \overrightarrow{B} - \overrightarrow{C}\right)
\]
- Simplifying this expression:
\[
\overrightarrow{D F} = \frac{3\overrightarrow{A} + \overrightarrow{C}}{4} - \overrightarrow{A} - \overrightarrow{B} + \overrightarrow{C}
\]
\[
= \frac{3\overrightarrow{A} + \overrightarrow{C} - 4\overrightarrow{A} - 4\overrightarrow{B} + 4\overrightarrow{C}}{4}
\]
\[
= \frac{-\overrightarrow{A} - 4\overrightarrow{B} + 5\overrightarrow{C}}{4}
\]
6. **Final Expression**:
- We can express \(\overrightarrow{C}\) in terms of \(\overrightarrow{A}\) and \(\overrightarrow{B}\) using the properties of the parallelogram:
\[
\overrightarrow{C} = \overrightarrow{D} + \overrightarrow{B} - \overrightarrow{A}
\]
- Thus, we can express \(\overrightarrow{D F}\) in terms of \(\boldsymbol
Quick Answer
\(\overrightarrow{D F} = \frac{-\overrightarrow{A} - 4\overrightarrow{B} + 5\overrightarrow{C}}{4}\)
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