UpStudy Free Solution:

From the Given Data:

Results of the paired-t test indicated that there is a significant large difference between Before (M = 255, SD = 43.2) and After (M = 240, SD = 44.9), t(7) = 2.8, p = .026.

APA results:

Present: M = 255 ,SD = 43.2

Absent: M = 240 ,SD = 44.9

Supplemental Knowledge:

A paired sample t-test (also known as a dependent sample t-test) is used to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between the means of two related groups. This test is appropriate when the same subjects are measured under two different conditions.

Steps for Paired Sample t-Test:

State the Hypotheses:

Null Hypothesis (\(H_ 0\)): There is no significant difference in time spent on the task between the teacher present and teacher absent conditions.

Alternative Hypothesis (\(H_ a\)): There is a significant difference in time spent on the task between the teacher present and teacher absent conditions.

Calculate Descriptive Statistics:

Mean and standard deviation for each condition.

Perform Paired Sample t-Test:

Calculate the differences between paired observations.

Compute the mean and standard deviation of these differences.

Use these values to calculate the t-statistic and compare it to a critical value from the t-distribution table or use a p-value approach.

Interpret Results:

Determine if you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis based on your calculated p-value or comparison with critical value.

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