Nichols Bradley
08/19/2024 · Primary School
Write the expression as a single logarithm. Express powers as factors. \( \ln \left(\frac{x}{x-5}\right)+\ln \left(\frac{x+5}{x}\right)-\ln \left(x^{2}-25\right) \) \( \ln \left(\frac{x}{x-5}\right)+\ln \left(\frac{x+5}{x}\right)-\ln \left(x^{2}-25\right)=\square \)
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Step-by-step Solution
To combine the logarithmic expressions into a single logarithm, we can use the properties of logarithms. Specifically, we will use the following properties:
1. \(\ln(a) + \ln(b) = \ln(ab)\)
2. \(\ln(a) - \ln(b) = \ln\left(\frac{a}{b}\right)\)
Let's start with the given expression:
\[
\ln \left(\frac{x}{x-5}\right) + \ln \left(\frac{x+5}{x}\right) - \ln \left(x^{2}-25\right)
\]
First, we can combine the first two logarithms using the first property:
\[
\ln \left(\frac{x}{x-5}\right) + \ln \left(\frac{x+5}{x}\right) = \ln \left(\frac{x}{x-5} \cdot \frac{x+5}{x}\right)
\]
This simplifies to:
\[
\ln \left(\frac{x(x+5)}{x(x-5)}\right) = \ln \left(\frac{x+5}{x-5}\right)
\]
Now, we can rewrite the entire expression:
\[
\ln \left(\frac{x+5}{x-5}\right) - \ln \left(x^{2}-25\right)
\]
Using the second property, we can combine these two logarithms:
\[
\ln \left(\frac{\frac{x+5}{x-5}}{x^{2}-25}\right)
\]
Next, we need to simplify \(x^{2}-25\). Notice that \(x^{2}-25\) can be factored as:
\[
x^{2}-25 = (x-5)(x+5)
\]
Now we can substitute this back into our logarithmic expression:
\[
\ln \left(\frac{\frac{x+5}{x-5}}{(x-5)(x+5)}\right)
\]
This simplifies to:
\[
\ln \left(\frac{x+5}{(x-5)(x-5)(x+5)}\right) = \ln \left(\frac{1}{(x-5)^2}\right)
\]
Thus, we can express this as:
\[
\ln \left((x-5)^{-2}\right)
\]
Finally, using the property of logarithms that allows us to bring the exponent in front, we have:
\[
-2 \ln(x-5)
\]
So the final expression as a single logarithm is:
\[
\ln \left((x-5)^{-2}\right) = -2 \ln(x-5)
\]
Thus, the answer is:
\[
\ln \left((x-5)^{-2}\right)
\]
Quick Answer
\(-2 \ln(x-5)\)
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