Buddhism and Buddhist arts spread along the Silk Road from northern India through central Asia and into China. Along the way, various cultures, languages, and styles mixed together to create a vibrant visual culture that promoted and expanded the visual language of Buddhism. What contributions did each culture make to Buddhist arts? How do we characterize each style? Early Japanese and Korean Buddhist arts are heavily dependent on artistic developments in China. While the Silk Road is traditionally thought to have its terminus in Dunhuang, monks, artisans, and merchants traveled through the Korean peninsula to Japan. How did those elements of Chinese architecture and figural representation manifest themselves in Japanese and Korean visual arts?

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The spread of Buddhism along the Silk Road influenced Buddhist arts in various cultures, each contributing unique elements. Indian art brought iconography and narrative art, Central Asian art added Greco-Buddhist influences and cave temples, and Chinese art introduced stylized figural representation and landscapes. These styles influenced Japanese and Korean arts, with Korean architecture showing Chinese pagoda influence and Japanese art blending Chinese and indigenous aesthetics.

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