3) Write a formula for the function obtained when the graph is shifted as described. a) \( f _ { x } ) = | x | \) is shifted down \( 3 \) units and to the right \( 1 \) unit. b) \( f _ { x } ) = x ^ { 2 } \) is shifted up \( 1 \) unit and to the left \( 2 \) units. c) \( f _ { x } ) = x ^ { 2 } \) is reflected over the \( x \) -axis and is shifted down \( 2 \) units