12) The country of Benin in West Africa has a population of \( 9.05 \) million people. The population is growing at a rate of \( 3.1 \% \) each year. Which function can be used to find the population \( 7 \) years from now?
1) \( f ( t ) = ( 9.05 \times 10 ^ { 6 } ) ( 1 - 0.31 ) ^ { 7 } \)
2) \( f ( t ) = ( 9.05 \times 10 ^ { 6 } ) ( 1 + 0.31 ) ^ { 7 } \)
3) \( f ( t ) = ( 9.05 \times 10 ^ { 6 } ) ( 1 + 0.031 ) ^ { 7 } \)
4) \( f ( t ) = ( 9.05 \times 10 ^ { 6 } ) ( 1 - 0.031 ) ^ { 7 }\)